Оператор try

Оновлено: 24.04.2023

The try statement specifies exception handlers and/or cleanup code for a group of statements:

try_stmt  ::=  try1_stmt | try2_stmt | try3_stmt
try1_stmt ::=  "try" ":" suite
               ("except" [expression ["as" identifier]] ":" suite)+
               ["else" ":" suite]
               ["finally" ":" suite]
try2_stmt ::=  "try" ":" suite
               ("except" "*" expression ["as" identifier] ":" suite)+
               ["else" ":" suite]
               ["finally" ":" suite]
try3_stmt ::=  "try" ":" suite
               "finally" ":" suite

Додаткову інформацію про винятки можна знайти в розділі Винятки, а інформацію про використання оператора raise для створення винятків можна знайти в розділі Оператор raise.

except E as N:
    foo

except E as N:
    try:
        foo
    finally:
        del N

>>> print(sys.exception())
None
>>> try:
...     raise TypeError
... except:
...     print(repr(sys.exception()))
...     try:
...          raise ValueError
...     except:
...         print(repr(sys.exception()))
...     print(repr(sys.exception()))
...
TypeError()
ValueError()
TypeError()
>>> print(sys.exception())
None

>>> try:
...     raise ExceptionGroup("eg",
...         [ValueError(1), TypeError(2), OSError(3), OSError(4)])
... except* TypeError as e:
...     print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')
... except* OSError as e:
...     print(f'caught {type(e)} with nested {e.exceptions}')
...
caught <class 'ExceptionGroup'> with nested (TypeError(2),)
caught <class 'ExceptionGroup'> with nested (OSError(3), OSError(4))
  + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
  |   File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  | ExceptionGroup: eg
  +-+---------------- 1 ----------------
    | ValueError: 1
    +------------------------------------

>>> try:
...     raise BlockingIOError
... except* BlockingIOError as e:
...     print(repr(e))
...
ExceptionGroup('', (BlockingIOError()))

>>> def f():
...     try:
...         1/0
...     finally:
...         return 42
...
>>> f()
42

>>> def foo():
...     try:
...         return 'try'
...     finally:
...         return 'finally'
...
>>> foo()
'finally'

python